Dr. Prerana Bhaduli, Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar.
The Ukraine crisis holds a significant place in the international arena as it is strategically located between East and the West. This favorable position of Ukraine, is tactfully used by the Western counterpart in bringing about geopolitical pressure on Russia. However, Russia on the other hand, as part of its historical mission and civilizational linkages as well as geopolitical significance does not want to lose control and influence in this territory. Russian initiatives in this part of the world have indeed been of counterbalancing Western interest and their structures for governance. Pro-west affiliations of Ukraine, color revolution and domestic coup overthrowing the pro-Russian leader has triggered Russia to adopt coercion against Ukraine so that NATO interference could be done away with by all means. Russia believes its legitimate interests to be in its ‘sphere of influence’. Moreover, consolidation of its ‘near abroad’ is part and parcel of its great power interests which is directly linked to its national identity. This particular war crisis has boiled down the relation between Moscow and Washington to a freezing point. The paper delves into an elaborate understanding of the upheaval by analyzing the speeches of important public figures.
Professor Sartik Bagh, Department of Political Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Lucknow.
The paper is an attempt to assess and reflect upon Modi’s government at the centre in the last five years from 2014-2019. It came to power in a time of crisis plagued by corruption and mis-governance. During the electoral campaign he presented a grand vision for the country. The mandate he got in 2014 Lok Sabha elections was simply amazing. Though a strong, stable and decisive government emerged at the centre, the performance and functioning of government remained short of the lofty promises he made during the elections. Rather his regime witnessed an environment of intolerance, hatred and intimidation leading to many far-reaching consequences and implications for a country which swears in the name of democracy.
Dr. Sandeep Inampudi, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Public Administration, Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga.
The office of the governor carries the legacy of colonial administration in India where power structures were centred around the office of the Governor-General. Though the makers of the constitution retained the office of the governor, its powers were reduced significantly and was converted into the nominal head of the state. To meet the political exigencies of the newly independent state and to uphold the spirit of democracy, the office of the governor was given an inferior position compared to that of the democratically “elected council of ministers” of the state. According to the constitution, the governor’s office serves as a channel of communication between the “central government and the state”, an agent of the central government in the state, and the state’s equivalent of India’s president. The powers and duties of the governor were not questioned or challenged during the first two decades following independence because of the political predominance of the Indian National Congress and one-party rule in both the central government and in the states. Since a single party ruled the centre and almost all the states the country functioned as a unitary state in practice. However, after the death of Nehru, the dominance of the Indian National Congress (INC) diminished gradually and regional parties started showing their presence in the national scene heralding the arrival of an era of coalition politics in the country. In this changed premises the states started perceiving the office of the governor as centre’s encroachment into state administration and they began to question the intervention of the governor in the affairs of the state. The mode of appointment of the governor, his power to reserve state bills for presidential consideration his role in the declaration of a state emergency and his discretion in the appointment of vice-chancellors of state universities all became bones of contention and the political tug of war reached even the Supreme Court leading to long fought legal battles. Despite these political controversies, the “Sarkaria Commission (1988) and the Punchhi Commission (2010)” made recommendations on strengthening the position of the Governor. But from 2014 onwards the political dynamics of the country has changed significantly with a strong one-party dominated coalition government at the union, the states ruled by regional parties and a weak opposition. With the states demanding equal opportunities, resources and policy prioritisation in their favour, it has led to a post-cooperative federalist scenario where political debates surrounding the office of the governor is getting intensified. In this context, the present study examines the changing nature of the Governor’s role in Independent India and its relevance and challenges in contemporary times.
Priyanka Dhargave, Ph.D. Scholar, Centre for International Politics, School of International Studies, Central University of Gujarat and Dr. Saurabh Sharma, Assistant Professor, Centre for International Politics, School of International Studies, Central University of Gujarat.
Over the past few years, China has increased bilateral engagement with Afghanistan to enlarge financial and commercial co-operation. Historically China has maintained low key positions on Afghanistan in past. However, under president Xi Jinping’s foreign policy reforms in 2013, China began to pursue active diplomacy in Afghanistan. There were considerable augmentations in bilateral trade and investments from China to Afghanistan. China has vowed to play constructive role in Afghanistan to assist the war-torn nation in rebuilding and rehabilitation. Likewise, China is victim of terrorism and determinism by Uyghur separatist and extremist organizations like ETIM which reportedly received support from Afghan Taliban in the past. China has actively engaged with Afghanistan on this issue and even negotiated with Taliban on ETIM presence. Apart from security aspects, China has been keen to tap minerals and rare earth reserves which remain unexplored. Afghanistan’s geopolitical location-core of Central and South Asia, Middle East and East Asia has attracted China to expand CPEC to Afghanistan. However, possibility of extending CPEC to Afghanistan will largely depends on stability in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
Dr. Kumari Nitu, Assistant Professor, School of Law and Governance, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya.
The issue of finance and financial contribution for eradicating poverty has been raised in various forums. General Assembly in its resolutions related to poverty have also raised the issue of finance in curbing the menace of extreme poverty. This concern has been well researched by the Secretary General in its reports which came out with several recommendations in this regard. It recommends the GA to consider the establishment of the world solidarity fund for poverty eradication. The proposal got broader support from all relevant stake holders. Similarly, the reports also examined the role of ODA, micro finance and micro credit, generation of employment, legal empowerment and social protection as effective means to counter poverty in all its forms. The reports also stated that despite the progress made to reduce poverty everywhere, the progress is mixed and uneven. The relevant assertion of GA that poverty is multidimensional have stressed the need for integrated and sectoral strategies in areas of “education, development of human resources, health, human settlements, rural development, productive employment, population, environment, freshwater, food security and migration, and the specific needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups.” The very fact that these assertions have been reflected through the resolutions of GA even without vote shows that states have no objection in accepting that poverty indeed is a multidimensional problem. Such approach creates a normative halo around the resolutions. They act as torch bearers in absence of any concrete international mechanism to deal with the issue being debated. The paper will look into the matters of finance in detail and conclude with certain suggestions to deal with the issue.
Dr. Harsha .S, Associate Professor, Central University of Assam, Silchar.
The good governance at the grassroots and decentralized planning process envisages cordial relationship between Officials and elected representatives of the panchayats. The present paper seeks to examine the relationship between the officials and the elected representatives in the panchayats through variables such as nature of relationship, co-operation & coordination. The paper is based on large number of interviews with Officials, elected representatives and citizens of all the three tiers of Karnataka panchayats. Based on the analysis, the paper outlines suggestions for better relations and subordination of officials to elected representatives.
It is necessary for the officials and the panchayat members to maintain a cordial relationship for the successful functioning of the panchayat. A positive relationship between these two will have a direct bearing on bridging the gap between the role expectation and the role performance of PRIs in the development of rural areas. An attempt has been made in this paper to explore the nature of relationship with special reference to GP Secretaries and Non-Officials like panchayat members and MLAs. For the purpose of this study, all the members of four Gram Panchayats and the Secretaries were interviewed. At the TP & ZP level, Adhyaksha and Upadhyaksha of two Taluk Panchayats, two EOs, four PEOs, Adhyaksha and Upadhyaksha of ZP and CEO were interviewed. The inferences are also drawn about the nature of relationship between the officials and the non-officials at TP and ZP level.
Professor Santosh Kumar, Professor of Public Policy, Adamas University, Kolkata
Disaster are sudden, catastrophic, and unfortunate events that causes human and financial damages, destruction and devastation. Disasters also impede ongoing and impending development projects, and the impacts – outputs and outcomes – varies from geographies to geographies. Major reasons, as the literature suggests, are due to diversities and differences in the climatic and geo-spatial conditionalities which leads to the difference in the degrees of vulnerabilities caused to the physical environment and to the human resources. Disasters cause the adverse effects on the socio-economic, political and cultural dimensions of the affected area. A disaster can be due to human engagement or natural reasons. Given the capriciousness and unpredictability of the disasters, the states and the disaster mitigation machineries or communities to manage disasters need to be equipped and organised in advance, so as to minimise the aftereffects. The governments legislate, allocate resources and engage into the rational planning and sustainable development. Disaster Management and Planning is a significant and critical part of governments’ myriad responsibilities and a subject to be addressed earnestly by the concerned authorities. Governance processes play a vital role in managing disaster with 3-E’s, i.e., efficiency, effectiveness and economical mitigation process, helps to synchronize political, economic and administrative activity in the management of disaster. It comprises mechanisms, processes and institutions through which citizens and groups articulate their interests, exercise their legal rights, meet their obligations and mediate their differences to overcome the crisis, whether by the private sector and civil society organizations. This paper explores the various aspects of the governance of disaster management mechanisms, majorly in India, with the help of the selected case studies.
Priyanka Aggarwal, Research Scholar, Delhi School of Management, Delhi Technological University.
The study of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) field has seen a surge in popularity among academics in recent years. An ever-increasing body of research seeks to explain the motivations behind ESG activities among corporations. However, there is still a lack of scholarly work in the areas of bibliometrics and data visualisation. Using bibliometrics and the Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes (ADO) methodology, the purpose of this article is to present an overview of the previous research that has been conducted on ESG field.
Design/Methodology/Approach- The study employs three step methodology for systematically reviewing and organizing the existing literature on ESG. First, the PRISMA technique was used to select articles; second, the Biblioshiny software was used for bibliometric analysis; and third, the ADO (Antecedents, Decisions, Outcomes) framework was used to analyse the literature. On the basis of a comprehensive survey of 71 articles published between 2007 and 2022, we examine the existing literature on this phenomenon.
Findings- The bibliometric analysis demonstrated an exponential growth in the number of published research articles on ESG. The United States and the United Kingdom are the major contributors with the most publications. The ADO framework facilitates the analysis of numerous Antecedents, Decisions, and Outcomes in ESG research. In addition, we highlight the developments and analytical domains of ESG research, as well as the key areas investigated in this expanding study field. Despite major advances in ESG research, several areas of the aforementioned field remain uncharted and may give possibilities for future research.
Research Limitations/ Implications- This study provides a visual and schematic foundation for further research on this topic, providing a bird’s-eye view of the major developments and pathways. Future authors may benefit from this as they will have a better grasp of the state of the field and where it’s headed.
Originality/Value- According to the author’s best knowledge, there is no other study that analyses the ESG stream utilising Biblioshiny and ADO Framework; therefore, this study is a unique contribution to the existing body of literature. In addition to that, this review compiles the findings of previous studies and outlines potential avenues for further investigation.
Professor Neelima Deshmukh, Senior Fellow, Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR), New Delhi.
The Millennium Declaration of United Nations (UN) set 2015 to provide quantitative benchmarks for 8 goals as, eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, Achieving universal Primary Education, promote gender equality and empowerment of women, educing Child Mortality rates, Improve maternal health, Combat HIV, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environment sustainability, global partnership for the Development etc. Bold and transformative agenda 2030 for the sustainable Development adopted by the world leaders at UN, also reaffirmed rationale for MSDGs to wipe out Poverty, Climate Change, Sustainable cities and Development, Gender equality, Fight inequality and emphasised their focus on Quality Education amongst the 17 measurable goals. The world is changing fast with the changing demands and needs of its population, their different kinds of requirements to cater and respond to the emerging situations and challenges are totally changed which has prioritized new agenda for the development of the country on the World canvass. The 2030 Agenda of SDGs is not about any individual country but the concentrated efforts of all the countries together creating the interlinked and globalised world, addressing the challenges of sustainable development from global to local, grass root level. To see the visible results all through it calls for tailor made strategies, policies, programmes, with their effective and successful implementation, maximizing the synergies, convergence and impacts, across the society. Therefore the good and smart governance is of crucial importance stressing upon the accountability, transparency, with the suitable regulatory mechanism needed to ensure human rights, equity, stability and long term sustainability, safeguarding against the corruption and exploitation of vulnerable deprived societies at the time of crises, along with the Institution building and the strengthening of governance capacity is the only way to respond to these challenges of 21st century. The effective coordination between different levels of policy and sectors at vertical and horizontal levels calls for the imperative to initiate action towards key governance issues like rule based, quality administration, management with transparency, accountability and anticorruption mechanisms, with the effective use of public resources added with the improved governance for the realisation of SDGs in letter and spirits.
Dr. Anu Chandran, Associate Professor, Dept. of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry Central University and Reena Esther Rani, Ad-hoc Faculty, Dept. of Tourism Studies, Pondicherry Central University
This paper probes the role of ecotourism in adding teeth to sustainable practices, thereby ensuring the perpetuation of ecological values in Pichavaram, which is a fragile destination owing to the presence of much endangered flora and fauna. The practices initiated for ensuring sustainability at the destination were examined by way of an ethnographic study conducted through in-depth fieldwork and also interface with visitors, staff of tourism enterprises, and local people. The research revolved around a qualitative micro-level study that reflects the concerns of the local community as to how capitalization-driven eco ventures act as a quagmire that adds ecological pressures to their homelands. It also assesses and maps the attitudes of tourists and local communities towards the conservation of mangrove wetlands. Conducted in the qualitative research design mode, the case study method was adopted for processing and presentation of study results drawn by applying thematic content analysis based on the data collected from the field. This is in tandem with the ecotourism principles propounded by premier organizations such as the International Ecotourism Society. The findings confirm gaps in the efficacy of sustainability practices stipulated in consonance with the ecotourism ideals in Pichavaram. It was inferred during the course of the study that real ecotourism ventures are scant and the prevailing eco-based business model has only accentuated the pressure on the mangrove wetland ecosystem and also the eco-cultural manifestations. Consequently, tourists and the local community recognize that sustainability is an important issue for the future of the area.
Dr. A. Sankaran, Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Pondicherry Central University.
Tourism is a modern industry, which promotes socio-economic development in many ways. The positive and significant role played by the tourism industry in different corners of the economy & society was well documented in the literature. To examine the causal relationship between tourism and economic development in the South Asian region is a value addition to the existing body of knowledge. Against this empirical issue, the present study attempts to estimate the functional relationship between tourism and economic development and also the role of tourism in employment generation. To pursue this research, secondary data on the total number of tourist arrivals, the total amount of revenue earned from tourism, total employment have been collected from various sources such as World Development Indicators, World Travel and Tourism Council, World Tourism Organization, the Statistics and Facts of Global Travel and Tourism Industry and OECD for the period from 2000 to 2020 for South Asian countries. The collected data have been processed using PMG method in the umbrella of Panel ARDL approach of cointegration followed by causality to capture the multi-dimensional causal relationship among the variables. In general, the result gives evidence for the existence of the tourism-led growth hypothesis enhancing economic progress in South Asia. The result of the exercise revealed some interesting insights for policymaking. As tourism activities like tourist arrival and tourism expenditure positively influence GDP, the policymakers should focus on these activities to tape the potential of tourism. Thereby we can employ unemployed youth, thus enhancing growth.
Dr. BInu. K, Assistant Professor, Department of sociology, Vimala College (Autonomous), Thrissur, Kerala.
Environmental sociology deals with social, cultural, and ecological areas of human life. This area of research is very useful for the development of environmental polices and the process of equitable development of a nation .It also helps to cultivate environmental awareness and a new sociological outlook to the learners and administrators. This study is an attempt to understand various epistemological views related to the interrelationships between sociology and environment but mainly focuses on the eco- Marxism. As a new theoretical outlook Eco Marxism explores the interaction between people and environment with the motive of maximization of profit and the intuition of exploitation of nature and natural recourses . In modern times the effect of unlimitedness in human motives and the crises of technological domination converts human in to more utilitarian towards nature. It reflects all sorts of envoi mental crises and ecological problems in the modern society. Eco Marxism as the central concern of this paper highlights the inherent social division in the society on the basis of the possession of wealth and material and how it leads to fundamental reason of ecological crisis and issues. Overexploitation of the nature and material resources for economic and developmental purposes results the condition of the alienation of people from the harsh realities of life. This study also discusses the alienation of alienation of people within the framework of modern industrial and socio cultural transactions.
hashikumar, Doctoral Fellow, Department of studies and Research in Political Science, University of Mysore.
The Banjaras have a unique culture of their own, and they occupy an important role in Indian culture. Their lifestyle is unique which does not have anything in common either with the population of plain areas or with the local tribes, They are popularly called by various names including Banjaras, Lambadas, Sugali, Labhani in different parts of the country. More than 90 percent of Banjaras are now following the non-banjara tradition for marriages. There are several competing reassures for this change. The paper focuses on socio-cultural conditions of the present-day scenario of banjara tribes. It examines the various adverse impact of Banjara’s culture, working and living conditions. The present paper is an attempt to trace out socio cultural identity of the Banjaras from a historical perspective with special focus on Raichur District in Karnataka.
Dr. Santhosh Mathew, Associate Professor, Centre For South Asian Studies, Pondicherry Central University.
This research paper aims to address one of the most Polarising concepts in India today “Right to Offend”. Two events have fuelled this question. Firstly the attempts the Supreme court in aligning with the collective conscience to remove the sedition law. Secondly, the fall of India and consecutively South Asia’s ranking in World press freedom index 2022. Along with increasing number of sedition which is often connotated in a security dimension and used as a weapon by governments to supress dissent, it also becomes imperative to take note of the rise in ideological and religious extremism in South Asia caused simply by “offensive activities”. This poses a question, that should a person have the right to offend anyone as an extension to their own freedom ?or should there be restrictions to speech for promoting harmony and democracy?
Seid Mendis, Ph.D Scholar, Political Science and Public Administration, Jain (Deemed to be University), Bangalore and Dr. K.C. Smitha, Assistant Professor, Political Science and Public dministration, Jain (Deemed to be University), Bangalore
Ethiopia follows an ethnic-based federal system as a result of promoting an ethnic-dominant political system in the country, which leads to ethnic cleavage and societal divisions among different ethnic groups by the main actors of ethnic-based political parties that undermine national unity. The objective of this study is to examine the attitude of ethnically based political parties (EBPPs) towards national unity in Ethiopia. Descriptive and exploratory research designs were used with quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary and secondary data sources are employed. Primary data was collected from the common citizen respondents through surveys and key informant interviews and secondary data from published and unpublished documents, proclamations, the constitution of Ethiopia, books, journals, and dissertations. The researcher used purposive sampling for the selection of study areas and snowball techniques for survey respondents. Descriptive and thematic analyses were used for this study. The findings of this study revealed that EBPPs have negative impacts on national unity in terms of the importance of their attitudes towards national unity. Moreover, the importance of EBPPs for national unity in Ethiopia is very low to the extent that even those party leaders and members of EBPPs have no firm stance on its importance (they respond that it is not important). EBPPs’ attitude towards national unity is negative and highly distorted; they are focused on their own ethnic group agenda rather than the common issues.
Govindaprasad.P.K, Research Scholar, Department of Economics, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod and Dr. Syam Prasad, Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod.
The studies of intergenerational mobility investigate the extent to which the socioeconomic outcomes, such as income, education and occupation changes across generation. The topic of intergenerational mobility has attracted the attention not only of academicians but also of policy makers. The Sustainable Development Goals pointed out the importance of studying intergenerational mobility and it aims at increasing the opportunities for the younger generations, which increases the chances of success regardless of their inherited characteristics. Intergenerational occupational mobility had studied by several scholars in developed and developing countries.But the studies on intergenerational mobility from a gender perspective has not gained much attention among the scholars.So the present study tries to fill this reaseach gap.The paper studies the intergenerational occupational mobility among the peasant migrant households in Peravoor settlement in Kannur district, Kerala.The study used a mixed methodology, where both quantitative and qualitative data used for the study. From the analysis it is find out that, there is gender dfference in intergenerational odupational mobility.The intergenerational occupational mobility rate is higher among the male members of peasant migrant households than that of their female counterpart. This has serions implication on gender equality and attainment of sustainable development goal.
Dr. Tara S. Nair, Assistant Professor, N.S.S. Training College, Pandalam (Mahatma Gandhi University), Kerala and Anjali G., M.Ed. Scholar, N.S.S. Training College, Pandalam (Mahatma Gandhi University), Kerala.
Peace building efforts aim to change beliefs, attitudes and behaviours to transform the short- and long-term dynamics between individuals and groups toward a more stable, peaceful coexistence. This study is an attempt to examine the role of Political Science Education to facilitate holistic learning experiences that contribute to learners’ resilient and peace building attitude as a lens to explore one and relationships so that chances to build capacity and respond critically and positively to these issues could be identified. The sample size was 400 higher secondary school students taken from different schools of Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts in Kerala. Test of Awareness on Climate Resilience and Scale of Attitude towards Peace Building Practices were the tools used to collect data. The results indicate a positive relationship between the variables studied which serves as a pointer to introduce resilient and peaceful practices in educational practices that favour agreeable ideologies that promote collective capacities for nation building.
Sushama Jha, Doctoral Fellow, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, UP
This article is an attempt to understand the core idea of conservatism with special focus on Indian Conservatism. The paper will start with the introduction of conservatism along with its characteristics and move towards the Indian Conservatism, its evolution, salient features in theory and practice. What would be the ideal form of the Indian Conservatism, which will also be explored. India as a multicultural state has a kind of conservatism which is multifaceted in nature. It upholds not only characteristics of the core ideology of conservatism but also has its own distinct elements. Since Indian renaissance its evolution starts with the spirit of revival of old Hindu traditions which developed by the time and takes its full-fledged shape particularly specially with the Modi government’s victory in 2014. This article is an attempt to explore Indian conservatism in its pluralistic nature which will be probably its ideal form. Here the monopoly of a particular majoritarian group over Indian conservatism is a point of great discussion. The debate regarding identity, politics and democracy within the arena of Indian Conservatism is the central theme of the paper. It also tries to throw light on the ideal form of Indian conservatism which can give assurance of a unite, democratic, peaceful and developed nation - India.
Dr. R. Sreedevi, Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, Holy Cross College (Autonomous) Nagercoil and Dr. K.P. Sivakumar, Assistant Librarian, Noorul Islam Centre for Higher Education, Kumaracoil, Tamilnadu.
Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies are an important constituent in the field of agriculture. It is a village level institution which directly deals with the rural people. It promotes thrust among the rural mass. It is an association of borrowers and non-borrowers residing in a particular locality. The major objectives of the primary agricultural credit service societies are to supply agricultural credit to meet the requirements of funds for agricultural production, the distribution of essential consumer commodities, the provision of storage and marketing facilities and for agricultural implements and machinery. The present study is an attempt to identify the socio-economic status of the customers of Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Society in Kanyakumari District. The socio-economic status of the customer’s in the study area has a major impact either directly or indirectly on the performance of the societies in the district. This study presents the classification of socio demographic variables on the basis of categories of farmers and the significant relationship between the categories of farmers and socio demographic variables. For testing the relationship Pearson chi-square test has been used. This test reveals that maximum variables of socio demographic are significant with the categories of farmers. This study also indicates the reason for choosing Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies and the purpose of borrowing money in pass by using garret’s ranking test. This test reveals, that first preference for choosing Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies is given by the sample respondents are, that they follow simple formalities for all the activities and in the purpose of borrowing the first rank is given to meet the cultivation expenses. The result for overall satisfaction of PACSS given by the respondents is that they are moderately satisfied with the services which are provided by Primary Agricultural Cooperative Credit Societies.
Vishakha Jha, Doctoral Fellow, Department of Sociology and Political Science, Dayalbagh Educational Institute (Deemed to be University), Agra, UP.
This article tries to understand and evaluate the connotation of Feminism in Foreign Policy Decision Making Process. Although in the postmodern era women’s participation is increasing and it could be identified that women are contributing significantly in foreign policy decision making process whenever they got the chance. But through the lens of feminism it could be acknowledged that unfortunately politics, especially the Foreign Services is known as men’s sphere of work thus highly dominated by men and women hardly got an equal opportunity to work over there. Like any other walks of life the Foreign Services is dominated by male diplomats under the umbrella of Patriarchy. Thus this research paper is going to examine the role and status of women diplomats in the Foreign Services through the vision of feminism. To answer these questions, I am going to use Descriptive and Analytical methods which will reveal the factors affecting women diplomats’ in foreign policy decision making process. Therefore the research paper will study the Central Proposition of Feminism in Foreign Policy Decision Making Process which will give a comprehensive idea of gender stereotypes in the same filed. Along with this the proposal of gender symmetry could be assure rights, liberty, social justice and equality in national and global politics. Generalized concepts could be formulated that will help to tackle the same problem existing in nations. The new generated knowledge and clear findings could easily draw the attention of every state to adopt Feminist Foreign Policy and bring new ideas to remove the Patriarchy from Foreign Services. An equal position of women diplomats in the foreign policy decision making will reduce the gender gap, discrimination and operation of women diplomats’ in the same field. Also this article is an attempt to explore the Connotation of Foreign Policy Decision Making which will help us to clearly understand the lacking position of women diplomats the Foreign Services. Factors posing challenges before women as diplomats in the Foreign Services (FS) of the nations, and their solution will be scrutinized. Lastly the study will examine Characteristics and Catastrophe of foreign policy Decision Making Process which will help us to know problems affecting women diplomats’ participation in the Foreign Services (FS), along with required solutions to tackle the problems, bring gender symmetry and formulating generalizations in the field of study.
Sujith. T.S, Ph.D. Research Scholar, School of Commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore and Professor M. Sumathy, Head, School of Commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore
In India, OTT video streaming platforms have become very popular in recent years. When theatres closed due to the coronavirus pandemic, people turned to OTT video streaming platforms to watch movies and shows. According to PwC’s Global Entertainment and Media Outlook 2019–2023, the OTT video streaming market in India is expected to raise at a 21.8 % CAGR from INR 4,464 crore in 2018 to INR 11,976 crore in 2023. The aim of this paper is to examine the impact of demographic variables on OTT video platform user’s satisfaction. One hundred and fifty users of the OTT video streaming platform services from Kerala as selected as sample. The study used convenience sampling method for collecting data. The study used a well-structured questionnaire for data collection and the questionnaire send through e-mail. The data were collected from three regions of Kerala such as north, central and south. Accordingly the researcher selected one district from each regions namely Thiruvananthapuram from southern region, Thrissur from central region and Kozhikode from northern region. The study founded that there is a significant difference among demographic variables on user satisfaction. The study concluded that rural users are more satisfied with OTT video streaming platform and they are happy with using OTT video streaming platform services.